"The non-reactive, detailed, systematic, and impartial observation of one's own cognitions & emotions through the technique of meditation can be a source of personal insight & self-understanding. ... even among patients with little psychological mindedness, approximately 20% 'with a wide range of psychophysiological disorders, who joined stress reduction & relaxation programs involving mindfulness meditation, became interested in psychotherapy for further expansion of self-understanding.' Within this framework, they refer to meditation as a 'psychobiological form of introspection.'"
Shapiro DH. A preliminary study of long-term meditators: Goals, effects, religious orientation, cognitions. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 1992; 24(1): 23-39.
"our perception, cognitions, & emotions related to our ordinary experiences can be distorted or biased to varying degrees. Depending on certain dispositional factors, these biases are sometimes pathological, but exist on a spectrum and may therefore be present without any clear psychopathology. Within this framework, mindfulness is described to reduce such biases through specific forms of mental training that develop meta-awareness of self (self-awareness), an ability to effectively manage or alter one’s responses & impulses (self-regulation), and the development of a positive relationship between self & other that transcends self-focused needs and increases prosocial characteristics (self-transcendence)."
Vago DR, Silbersweig DA. Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness. Front Hum Neurosci. 2012; 6: 296.
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