(These) four features can be conceptualized as developmental stages.
Self-knowledge is awareness of what constitutes one’s sense of self in the context of roles, relationships, and beliefs.
Detachment refers to awareness of the transience of external aspects of one’s sense of self.
Integration means overcoming the separation among different ‘inner selves,’ that is, accepting and integrating all facets of one’s self.
Finally, self-transcendence refers to independence of the self of external definitions and dissolution of mental boundaries between self and others. … ‘self-transcendence is equivalent to wisdom and implies the dissolution of (self-based) obstacles to empathy, understanding, and integrity’.”
Staudinger UM, Gluck J. Psychological wisdom research: commonalities and differences in a growing field. Annu Rev Psychol 2011; 62: 215-41.
In contrast, parochialism is defined as the quality or state of being parochial; especially : selfish pettiness or narrowness (as of interests, opinions, or views). http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parochialism
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| Photo: Zoltán Balogh www.smithsonianmag.com |
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